Detailed explanation of the characteristics and types of automotive wiring harnesses

The automotive wiring harness is the "neural network" of the vehicle's electrical system, responsible for connecting the entire vehicle's electronic equipment and transmitting power and signals. With the development of intelligent and electrified vehicles, wiring harness technology has become a key link that affects the performance, safety and lightweight of the entire vehicle.

Core characteristics of automotive wiring harness

As the core component of the vehicle circuit system, the automotive wiring harness is composed of multiple components such as wires, terminals, coverings, connectors, etc., and is responsible for current transmission and signal transmission. It is divided into engine wiring harness, instrument wiring harness, high-voltage wiring harness, etc. according to its use.

Material performance characteristics of automotive wiring harnesses

The current carrying capacity of the automotive wiring harness is ≥1.0mm² for low-voltage wires, and 250-400A for high-voltage wiring harnesses. The temperature range is -40℃ to 200℃, and the high-temperature environment is 150℃ resistant.

The connectors of automotive wiring harnesses are divided into waterproof/non-waterproof types, and the sealing needs to pass the waterproof and dustproof test.

Types of automotive wiring harnesses

‌Engine wiring harness‌: needs to be resistant to high temperatures and vibrations, and adapt to the harsh environment of the engine compartment‌. 

‌Door wiring harness‌: flexible and wear-resistant, supporting frequent door opening and closing actions‌. 

‌Roof wiring harness‌: lightweight design, taking into account both concealment and aesthetics‌. 

‌High-voltage wiring harness‌: used for power transmission of new energy vehicles, needs to meet voltage requirements of more than 300V and electromagnetic shielding‌.

Low-voltage wiring harness (≤60V): used for conventional signal transmission, such as car lights, instrument control, etc., with a wire cross-sectional area of ​​≥1.0mm²

Automotive wiring harnesses are core components of vehicle circuit systems and feature complex integration (a single vehicle model contains more than 2,000 parts). With the development of new energy vehicles, the demand for high-voltage wiring harnesses has surged, driving technology upgrades toward lightweight (aluminum wire replacement), integration, and intelligent manufacturing, becoming a key support for the transformation of automotive electrification.